Everything about Repeater totally explained
A
repeater is an
electronic device that receives a
signal and
retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.
Description
The term "repeater" originated with
telegraphy and referred to an
electromechanical device used to regenerate telegraph signals. Use of the term has continued in
telephony and
data communications.
In
telecommunication, the term
repeater has the following standardized meanings:
- An analog device that amplifies an input signal regardless of its nature (analog or digital).
- A digital device that amplifies, reshapes, retimes, or performs a combination of any of these functions on a digital input signal for retransmission.
OSI model.
Digipeater
A
digipeater is a
blend meaning "digital repeater", particularly used in
amateur radio.
Store and forward digipeaters generally receive a
packet radio transmission and then retransmit it on the same frequency, unlike repeaters that receive on one and transmit on another frequency.
Usage
Repeaters are often used in
trans-continental and
submarine communications cables, because the
attenuation (signal loss) over such distances would be unacceptable without them. Repeaters are used in both
copper-
wire cables carrying
electrical signals, and in
fibre optics carrying
light.
Repeaters are used in radio communication services. Radio repeaters often transmit and receive on different frequencies. A special subgroup of those repeaters is those used in
amateur radio.
Repeaters are also used extensively in
broadcasting, where they're known as translators, boosters or
TV relay transmitters.
When providing a point-to-point telecom link using radio beyond line of sight, one uses repeaters in a
microwave radio relay. A reflector, often on a mountaintop, that relays such signals around an obstacle, is called a
passive repeater or Passive Radio Link Deflection. A microwave repeater in a
communications satellite is called a
transponder.
In optical communications the term repeater is used to describe a piece of equipment that receives an optical signal, converts that signal into an electrical one, regenerates it, and then retransmits an optical signal. Since such a device converts the optical signal into an electrical one, and then back to an optical signal, they're often known as
Optical-Electrical-Optical (OEO) repeaters.
Before the invention of electronic amplifiers, mechanically coupled
carbon microphones were used as amplifiers in telephone repeaters. The invention of the
audion tube made transcontinental telephony practical. In the 1930s
vacuum tube repeaters using
hybrid coils became commonplace, allowing the use of thinner wires. In the 1950s
negative impedance gain devices were more popular, and a
transistorized version called the E6 repeater was the final major type used in the
Bell System before the low cost of digital transmission made all
voiceband repeaters obsolete.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Repeater'.
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